Gynecological emergencies are medical situations that require immediate attention due to the severity of the symptoms and the risk to the woman’s health. These emergencies can be caused by a variety of conditions, from complications during pregnancy to serious gynecological diseases.

Recognizing what can be considered a gynecological emergency is crucial to receive timely and appropriate treatment and avoid serious complications. In this article, we will address the most common situations that are considered gynecological emergencies, the symptoms to watch out for, and the actions to take in each case. 

1. Acute and Severe Pelvic Pain

Acute pelvic pain can have various causes, some of which may require urgent medical attention. The most common causes include:

Ectopic pregnancy: Occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, usually in a fallopian tube. This condition can be potentially life-threatening if not treated promptly.

Ruptured ovarian cysts: Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that develop on the ovaries. If a cyst ruptures, it can cause intense pain and internal bleeding.

Ovarian torsion: This condition occurs when an ovary twists around the ligaments that hold it in place, cutting off its blood supply. It is a medical emergency that requires immediate surgical intervention.

Warning signs

• Sudden and severe pelvic pain.
• Dizziness or fainting.
• Nausea and vomiting.
• Abnormal vaginal bleeding.

2. Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding

Abnormal vaginal bleeding can manifest in different ways, and some of them may indicate a gynecological emergency:

Menorrhagia: Extremely heavy menstrual bleeding.

Metrorrhagia: Bleeding between menstrual periods.

Postmenopausal bleeding: Bleeding that occurs after menopause.

Possible Causes

Miscarriages: Heavy bleeding during early pregnancy can be a sign of a miscarriage.

Ectopic pregnancy: In addition to pelvic pain, vaginal bleeding is a common symptom.

Uterine fibroids: Non-cancerous tumors in the uterus that can cause heavy bleeding.

Coagulation disorders: Conditions like von Willebrand disease can cause heavy menstrual bleeding.

Warning signs

• Bleeding that soaks more than one sanitary pad or tampon per hour.
• Bleeding that lasts for more than seven days.
• Bleeding accompanied by severe pelvic pain.
• Bleeding after menopause.

3. Severe Gynecological Infections

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID): PID is an infection of the female reproductive organs that can be caused by sexually transmitted diseases like chlamydia or gonorrhea. If left untreated, it can cause permanent damage to the reproductive system and increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy and infertility.

Tubo-ovarian abscess: A tubo-ovarian abscess is a collection of pus involving the fallopian tubes and ovaries. This condition can be a complication of PID and requires immediate medical treatment.

Warning signs

• Severe pelvic pain.
• High fever.
• Abnormal vaginal discharge with a foul odor.
• Pain during sexual intercourse.
• Nausea and vomiting.

4. Pregnancy Complications

Signs of miscarriage: Miscarriages are relatively common in the first trimester of pregnancy. However, any symptom of miscarriage should be evaluated immediately by a healthcare professional.

Preeclampsia symptoms: Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and damage to other organs, usually the kidneys. If left untreated, it can be dangerous for both the mother and the baby.

Placental abruption: Placental abruption is a condition in which the placenta separates from the uterus before delivery, which can cause severe bleeding and endanger the life of the baby and the mother.

Warning signs

• Severe abdominal or pelvic pain.
• Vaginal bleeding.
• Decreased fetal movements.
• Sudden swelling of the hands, feet, or face.
• Severe headache, vision changes, or pain in the upper abdomen.

5. Severe Menstrual Disorders

Intense dysmenorrhea: Dysmenorrhea is severe menstrual pain that can interfere with daily activities. If the pain is unbearable and does not improve with over-the-counter medications, it is important to seek medical attention.

Amenorrhea: The absence of menstrual periods can be a sign of various health problems, such as hormonal disorders, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), or thyroid issues.

Warning signs

• Severe menstrual pain that does not improve with treatment.
• Absence of menstrual periods for three consecutive cycles or more.
• Extremely irregular periods.

Also of interest: Pap Smear: Pap Smear: How to Prepare and What to Expect During the Procedure

6. Gynecological Trauma or Injuries

Any trauma or injury to the pelvic or genital area should be evaluated immediately. This can include accidents, domestic violence, or sexual assaults. Injuries can cause internal damage and serious complications if not treated promptly.

Warning signs

• Severe pain.
• Heavy bleeding.
• Difficulty urinating.
• Swelling or bruising.

 It is important to note that the symptoms of gynecological emergencies can vary from woman to woman, and in some cases, they may be mistaken for common discomforts. However, it is crucial to pay attention to any sudden changes in your body and seek medical help if you experience concerning symptoms.

In the event of a gynecological emergency, it is crucial to seek medical attention immediately. Do not underestimate the severity of the symptoms, as in some situations, time is crucial to receive the appropriate treatment and prevent serious complications. Call us at 9147234900 or schedule an appointment. At the Formé Medical Center, we have a team of qualified professionals to provide you with the best service in case of a gynecological emergency.